Referring in detail to the transcripts and to relevant ideas from language study, analyse the language used by Leila and her caregivers.
G - transcripts
R - colloquial / informal
A - Leila and her grandmothers friend
M - spoken
P - general
S - daily routine and preparing to go to sleep and preparing to eat.
Leila is two years and five months old and is in the very late telegraphic stage of child language acquisition. [CONTINUE INTRO]
Leila is actually very advanced in her language. We can see through both transcripts that Leila is comfortable using contractions such as "that's" and "you're" when speaking to herself as well as to caregivers, which shows that she is aware of the auxiliaries "is" and "are" and is confident that she can contract them and understand what it means, rather than saying "you are" or "that is". We can also see that Leila is in the last stage of Bellugi's idea of pronoun awareness. Leila confidently uses the contraction of the first person pronoun "I" to say "I'm" rather than "I am". The fact that Leila is advanced in language development is emphasised by the fact that in the first transcript, Leila is actually speaking to herself. Therefore, there is no caregiver there to encourage her to speak through questions, or guide her to use the right contractions for example through recasting.
However we do see that Leila sometimes struggles with the articulation of words, especially consonant clusters such as the "ry" in "crying". Because she cannot say it she instead substitutes the "ry" with "w" to say "cwying". She similarly does this in the second transcript when she says "all wight". As well as this, Leila makes small virtuous errors with tense, as she says "he lose it". This shows that Leila has not yet fully grasped that the verb "to lose" will change to "lost" when referred to in the past tense.
Throughout the first transcript, Leila is role playing with her toys, a routine that she will repeat daily (going for an afternoon nap). Although she is the only person in the conversation, she makes it seem as though the voices she has given her toys through intonation has brought them to life. She still speaks in adjacency pairs and replies to each character, for example "Hello Momo", "Hello Panda".
Because she is so familiar with the routine she is able to use lots of intonation, as well as vary the pitch and tone of her voice to imitate her father saying "LEILA GO TO SLEEP". Due to the fact Leila is also very familiar with the toys she is playing with, as they are characters from a children's television show, she is able to imitate their voices as well. She repeats phrases like "you're cheeky cheeky you you cheeky" that have probably been sung to her previously by her caregivers. Interactive theorists like B F Skinner and Naom Chomsky believe that repetition, imitation and role play are vital to a child's language development.
We see that Leila uses the vocative diminutive "daddy" when referring to her dad. She also gives her Iggle Piggle toy the diminutive nickname "Piggles". Caregivers use the diminutive forms of pronouns often when speaking to children as it gives the word a cuter and more fun form. She also uses the diminutive term of phrase "wakey wakey" that she would have most likely heard from her caregivers in this routine.
In both texts Leila shows that she is aware and able to use colloquialisms such as "ma" rather than "my", as well as "yus" and "yeah" rather than "yes". However in the second transcript when Leila is speaking to a caregiver, we see her language alter slightly. She actually speaks a lot less, which could be because she isn't as confident speaking to someone who she isn't immediately close too. The caregiver in the conversation is her Grandmother's friend, who she may not know very well. Leila ensures that she uses auxiliaries like "are" in her sentence "they are big chairs" to make the sentence more formal. Because of this, she is positively reinforced by Jan, who replies "they ARE big chairs". The auxiliary "are" could be capitalised in the transcript to show that Jan has changed her intonation and put emphasis on the auxiliary.
G - transcripts
R - colloquial / informal
A - Leila and her grandmothers friend
M - spoken
P - general
S - daily routine and preparing to go to sleep and preparing to eat.
Leila is two years and five months old and is in the very late telegraphic stage of child language acquisition. [CONTINUE INTRO]
Leila is actually very advanced in her language. We can see through both transcripts that Leila is comfortable using contractions such as "that's" and "you're" when speaking to herself as well as to caregivers, which shows that she is aware of the auxiliaries "is" and "are" and is confident that she can contract them and understand what it means, rather than saying "you are" or "that is". We can also see that Leila is in the last stage of Bellugi's idea of pronoun awareness. Leila confidently uses the contraction of the first person pronoun "I" to say "I'm" rather than "I am". The fact that Leila is advanced in language development is emphasised by the fact that in the first transcript, Leila is actually speaking to herself. Therefore, there is no caregiver there to encourage her to speak through questions, or guide her to use the right contractions for example through recasting.
However we do see that Leila sometimes struggles with the articulation of words, especially consonant clusters such as the "ry" in "crying". Because she cannot say it she instead substitutes the "ry" with "w" to say "cwying". She similarly does this in the second transcript when she says "all wight". As well as this, Leila makes small virtuous errors with tense, as she says "he lose it". This shows that Leila has not yet fully grasped that the verb "to lose" will change to "lost" when referred to in the past tense.
Throughout the first transcript, Leila is role playing with her toys, a routine that she will repeat daily (going for an afternoon nap). Although she is the only person in the conversation, she makes it seem as though the voices she has given her toys through intonation has brought them to life. She still speaks in adjacency pairs and replies to each character, for example "Hello Momo", "Hello Panda".
Because she is so familiar with the routine she is able to use lots of intonation, as well as vary the pitch and tone of her voice to imitate her father saying "LEILA GO TO SLEEP". Due to the fact Leila is also very familiar with the toys she is playing with, as they are characters from a children's television show, she is able to imitate their voices as well. She repeats phrases like "you're cheeky cheeky you you cheeky" that have probably been sung to her previously by her caregivers. Interactive theorists like B F Skinner and Naom Chomsky believe that repetition, imitation and role play are vital to a child's language development.
We see that Leila uses the vocative diminutive "daddy" when referring to her dad. She also gives her Iggle Piggle toy the diminutive nickname "Piggles". Caregivers use the diminutive forms of pronouns often when speaking to children as it gives the word a cuter and more fun form. She also uses the diminutive term of phrase "wakey wakey" that she would have most likely heard from her caregivers in this routine.
In both texts Leila shows that she is aware and able to use colloquialisms such as "ma" rather than "my", as well as "yus" and "yeah" rather than "yes". However in the second transcript when Leila is speaking to a caregiver, we see her language alter slightly. She actually speaks a lot less, which could be because she isn't as confident speaking to someone who she isn't immediately close too. The caregiver in the conversation is her Grandmother's friend, who she may not know very well. Leila ensures that she uses auxiliaries like "are" in her sentence "they are big chairs" to make the sentence more formal. Because of this, she is positively reinforced by Jan, who replies "they ARE big chairs". The auxiliary "are" could be capitalised in the transcript to show that Jan has changed her intonation and put emphasis on the auxiliary.
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